Course Outline
- Early History
- In the Southeast
- In the Southwest
- Mexican Independence and Free Trade
- Conflict With the United States
- Problems For Landowners
- Immigration in the Early 1900s
- Immigration Restrictions
- Growing Discrimination
- Effects of World War II
- Immigration In the Mid-1900s
- Puerto Rican Migration
- Cuban Migration
- Problems With Cuban Migration
- Living Conditions for Cuban Americans
- Immigration in the Late 1900s
- Hispanic Americans Today
- Cultural Backgrounds of Hispanic Americans
- Cultural Bonds
- National and Ethnic Origins
- Where Hispanics Live
- Settlers in the West Indies
- Spanish and African Influences in Puerto Rico and Cuba
- Aztec Influence in Mexico
- Spanish and Indian Cultures in Mexico
- Holidays
- The Day of the Dead–Mexico Honors Those Gone But
- Not Forgotten
- Hispanic Values
- Family Values
- Etiquette
- Rituals and Religions
- Celebrations and Holidays
- Eating Habits
- Teaching and Learning Implications
- References
- On Terminology: Hispanic or Latino?
- ‘Hispanic’ vs ‘Latino’
-
- La Familia
- Respeto
- Personalismo
- Confianza
- Names
- Family Structures
- Communication and Social Interaction
- Time Orientation
- Concept of Health
- References
- Mexican-American
- Food Habits and Their Relationship to Dietary Guidelines
- Eating Practices, Food Preferences and Food Preparation Techniques
- Teaching Implications
- References
- Puerto Rican
- Food Habits and Their Relationship to Dietary Guidelines
- Eating Practices, Food Preferences and Food Preparation Techniques
- Teaching Implications
- References
- La Cocina—Southwestern Cuisine
- Key Facts
- Mortality and Morbidity
- Smoking
- Diet
- Cholesterol
- Weight and Exercise
- Alcohol and Substance Abuse
- Violence and Unintentional Injuries
- Environment
- Key Areas of Concern
- AIDS and HIV
- Cancer
- Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Environmental Health
- Mental Health
- Tuberculosis
- Health Beliefs and Practices
- Concept of Health
- Potential Culture-Related Health Concerns Among Hispanic
- Populations
- Health Promotion, Prevention, and Treatment
- Folk Beliefs of Some Hispanics About Health and Illness
- That Can Affect Care and Treatment
- Major Folk Illnesses Among Hispanic Populations
- Major Systems of Folk Healing Among Hispanic Populations
- Sources for Further Reading
- Health Culture Sketch
- Introduction
- Geographic Distribution in U.S.
- General Characteristics
- Health Care Decision-Making
- Mexican-American
- Food Habits and Their Relationship to Dietary Guidelines
- Eating Practices, Food Preferences and Food Preparation Techniques
- Teaching Implications
- References
- Puerto Rican
- Food Habits and Their Relationship to Dietary Guidelines
- Eating Practices, Food Preferences and Food Preparation Techniques
- Teaching Implications
- References
- La Cocina—Southwestern Cuisine 88
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- Status of Hispanics Varies by Origins
- Table 1. U.S. Hispanic Populations Vary Widely in Age,
- Earnings, Level of Schooling, and Household Size
- Disease and Mortality Puzzle Policymakers
- Hispanics Surpass Non-Hispanics in Diet Quality
- . . . Especially Spanish-Speaking Hispanics
- Table 2. Hispanic Spanish Speakers Score Highest on Healthy
- Eating Index
- Table 3. Hispanic Attitudes and Knowledge About Nutrition Diverge
- References
- Nutrition Counseling Tips For Hispanic-American Clients
-
- Concept of Disease
- Origins of Hispanic Folk Medicine
- Utilization of Lay Healers Among Hispanics
- Hypertension
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Folk Medicine-Treatments-Upper Respiratory Infection
- Folk Medicine-Treatments-Osteoarthritis/Rheumatism
- Treatment of Folk Illnesses
- Conclusion
- Folk Remedies Everyone Should Know
- Illustrations: Plants and Herbs Commonly Used as Folk Remedies
- Curandera Preparing for a Barrida
- Introduction
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Table 1. Herbal Users by Perceived Health Problems
- Table 2. Botanical Nomenclature for Commonly Used Herbal Remedies
- Table 3. Herb Users’ Sources of Information on Herbal Remedies
- Table 4. Frequency of Use of the Top 10 Herbs Used by Herbal Users
- Table 5. Most Frequently Used Herbal Remedies forTop Five Perceived Health Problems
- References
- Terminology
- Demographics
- Size and Origin of Population
- Location
- Age
- Family Size
- Underlying Causes of Health Disparities: Income and Education
- Education
- Socioeconomic Status and Health Status
- Income and Economic Status
- Employment
- Health Status
- Leading Causes of Mortality
- Specific Health Concerns
- Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices
- Traditional Illnesses
- Risk Factors and Challenges
- Racism
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards
- Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Quality Care
- Language and Communication
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Alcohol Use
- Physical Activity
- Practical Tips For Treating Hispanic Patients
- Strengths and Protective Factors
- Diet
- Adherence Factors
- Decision-making
- Communication
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- References and Resources
- Quality & Culture Quiz
- Quality & Culture Quiz Answers
- Cancer Rates
- Overall Incidence and Mortality Rates
- African -Americans
- Hispanics/Latinos
- Asian Pacific Islanders
- American Indian/Alaska Natives
- What Are Cancer Health Disparities?
- Financial Issues
- Minorities Are More Likely Not to Have a Regular Doctor
- Minorities Face Greater Difficulty in Communicating With Physicians
- Transportation Can Limit Access
- Accurate Information is Not Universally Available
- Percentage of Adults Who Have Problems Communicating With Their Doctor
- Percentage of U.S. Women Who Had Screening Tests
- Available Information Does Not Reach All Populations
- Potential Biases Can Affect Cancer Health
- Not Everyone Receives the Screening Equally
- Higher Percentage of Whites Receive Medicare Services in Managed Care Plans
- Older African Americans Receive Lower Rate of Surgery And Have Lower Resulting Survival Rate
- Eliminate Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
- What is the burden of cardiovascular disease in the United States?
- Where are the disparities?
- What is the goal?
- What is the strategy?
- What can healthcare providers do to help reduce the burden of CVD?
- What can individuals do to decrease their risk of developing CVD?
- For More Information About Cardiovascular Disease:
- Do Racial and Ethnic Minorities Receive a Lower Quality of
- Healthcare?
- What Are the Sources of Healthcare Disparities?
- Clinical Uncertainty
- The Implicit Nature of Stereotypes
- Healthcare Provider Prejudice or Bias
- Medical Decisions Under Time Pressure with Limited Information
- Patient Response: Mistrust and Refusal
- What Can Healthcare Providers Do to Help Eliminate
- Disparities in Care?
- Guide to Information Sources
- REFERENCES
- Did You Know…
- Major Studies of Diabetes in Hispanic Americans
- How Many Hispanic Americans Have Diabetes?
- Table 1. Hispanic American Populations in the United States and Percentage With Diabetes
- What Factors Increase the Chance of Developing Type 2 Diabetes?
- Genetic Risk Factors
- Figure 1. Prevalence of Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Diabetes in Mexican Americans, U.S., 1988-94
- Figure 2. Genetic Origins of the Major Hispanic Subgroups in the United States
- Medical and Lifestyle Risk Factors
- Prediabetes (Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glucose)
- Gestational Diabetes
- Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance
- Obesity
- Figure 3. Prevalence of Overweight Individuals Among Whites, Blacks, and Mexican Americans in the Population, 1988‑91
- Physical Activity
- How Does Diabetes Affect Hispanic Young People?
- How Does Diabetes Affect Hispanic Women During Pregnancy?
- How Do Diabetes Complications Affect Hispanic Americans?
- Eye Disease
- Kidney Disease
- Nerve Disease
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Heart Disease
- Diabetes and Diet
- How Is NIDDK Addressing the Problem of Diabetes in Hispanic Americans?
- Diabetes Prevention Program
- National Diabetes Education Program
- Points to Remember
- References
- What Health Problems Affect a Lot of Hispanic Americans/Latina Women?
- Obesity and Overweight
- Heart Disease
- Stroke
- Cancers
- Maternal and Infant Health
- Smoking and Pregnancy: A Critical Risk Factor for Pregnant Females
- HIV/AIDS
- Cultural Attitudes
- Gender Roles
- Attitudes About Sex
- Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Tuberculosis
- Psychiatric Disorders
- Violence Against Women
- Hispanic American/Latina Women
- Leading Causes of Death for Women in the United States, 2000
- Getting Health Care
- What types of care coverage exist? How do I find out about them?
- For More Information
- Adolescent Females of Color
- Access to Services
- Health
- Health Risk Behaviors
- Sexual Intercourse
- Substance Abuse
- Unsafe Moter Vehicle Operation
- Healthful Behaviors
- Elderly Women of Color
- Demographics
- Native Americans
- Hispanics
- Black Americans
- Asians and Pacific Islanders
- Access to Health Care
- Health Assessment
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- Folic Acid Knowledge and Use Among Hispanic Women
- Preventing Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies Among Hispanic Women
- Maternal Health Risks of Immigrant Women From Latin America
- Maternal & Reproductive Health Beliefs
- Understanding the Health Culture of Recent Immigrants to the United States: A Cross-Cultural Maternal Health Information Catalog
- Examples of Cultural Beliefs Held by Certain Immigrant Groups
- Examples of Epidemiological Data Affecting the Health of Childbearing Women
- Examples of Proposed Links Between Epidemiological Data and Cultural Beliefs/Practices; and Associated Health Risks to Pregnant Women and Infants
- Lessons for Health Care Professionals From Knowledge of Cultural Beliefs or Immigrant Experiences
- REFERENCES
-
- Screening for Abuse in Spanish-Speaking Women
- Women Abuse Screening Tool
- Introduction
- The Older Hispanic Population: Past, Present, and Future
- Residence
- Educational Level
- Living Arrangements
- Poverty
- Health
- Self-Rated Health Status
- Access to Medical Care
- Diversity of Hispanic Elders
- Health and Chronic Illnesses
- Hispanic Americans and Family Caregiving
- Older Hispanic Americans and Poverty
- Education
- Elderly Abuse in Hispanic Families
- Ethnic Differences in Drinking Patterns
- Ethnicity and Alcohol Problems
- Medical Consequences
- Social Consequences
- Contributors to Ethnic Differences
- Social Factors
- Biological Factors
- Prevention
- School-Based Prevention
- Family-Based Prevention
- Alcohol Availability
- Treatment
- NIAAA Analysis Reveals Increased Risk for Liver Cirrhosis Death Among Hispanic Americans
- References
- Health Effects
- Cigarette Smoking Prevalence
- Prevalence of Other Forms of Tobacco Use
- Tobacco Industry Influence
- References
- Latinos/Hispanic Americans
- Need For Mental Health Care
- High-Need Populations
- Availability of Mental Health Services
- Access to Mental Health Services
- Use of Mental Health Services
- Appropriateness and Outcomes of Mental Health Services
- Culturally Specific Mental Health Resources
Learning Objectives
After completing the course you’ll be able to:
- Recount the history of Hispanic immigration in the United States.
- Describe the core values and norms of the Hispanic culture.
- Describe what it means to be a Latino.
- Explain what the terms Latino and Hispanic imply
- Explain the concepts of la familia, respeto, personalismo, and confianza in the context of Hispanic culture.
- Describe mortality and morbidity in Hispanic population.
- List top ten leading causes of death for Hispanics of all age groups.
- Describe the impact of various lifestyle and health behavioral factors on Hispanics’ health status.
- Describe the concept of health and preventive medicine in the context of Hispanic culture.
- Explain typical Hispanic health beliefs and practices.
- Explain major folk illnesses among Hispanic populations, defining curanderismo.
- Describe the eating practices, food preferences and cultural implications of Mexican-American and Puerto Rican diet.
- Discuss how acculturation erodes the diet quality of U.S. Hispanics.
- Discuss Hispanic attitudes and knowledge about nutrition among various population groups.
- Describe the origins and applications of Hispanic folk medicine.
- Identify common Hispanic folk illnesses and their remedies.
- Incorporate the knowledge of Hispanic folk medicine beliefs into the development of effective patient management and counseling plans.
- Distinguish between non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics in their use of herbal remedies.
- Describe the socioeconomic and health status of Hispanics and compare it with that of other population groups.
- Follow recommendations to confirm patient teaching and treatment with the traditional health beliefs and practices.
- Implement recommendations to improve communication with Hispanic patients.
- Cite statistics that show cancer health disparities among various racial and ethnic groups.
- Discuss various sources of disparities in cancer treatment for minority population groups.
- Discuss how bias, prejudice, and stereotyping can contribute to unequal treatment of patients on the basis of race and ethnicity.
- Discuss the epidemiology of diabetes in Hispanic Americans.
- Identify the factors that increase the chance of developing type 2 diabetes.
- Discuss the health problems affecting minority women.
- Describe the health impact of sexually transmitted diseases on minority women.
- Discuss the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among various women groups.
- Discuss factors affecting the health of women of color and their access to services.
- Discuss health risk behaviors that place adolescent females of color at increased risk of morbidity or death.
- Describe the demographics of elderly women of color.
- Discuss the access to health care available to elderly women of color and its impact on morbidity and mortality.
- Discuss the key findings of the report dealing with pregnancy-related mortality in Hispanic women in the United States.
- Describe maternal health beliefs and practices that are common to Hispanic culture.
- Cite examples of epidemiological data affecting the health of childbearing women from various immigrant groups.
- Make a link between epidemiological data and cultural beliefs and health risks to pregnant women and infants.
- Apply the knowledge of cultural beliefs and immigrant experience to providing effective health care.
- Define terms such as intimate partner violence, sexual assault, dating violence, elder abuse.
- Describe the special problems faced by Hispanic elders.
- Describe the prevalence of elderly abuse in Hispanic families.
- Identify social and biological factors that contribute to ethnic differences in drinking.
- Describe ethnic differences in drinking patterns.
- Discuss the use of tobacco in the Hispanic population.
- Discuss the need for mental health care in Hispanic Americans..
To assess the effectiveness of the course material, we ask that you evaluate your achievement of each learning objective on a scale of A to D (A=excellent, B=good, C=fair, D=unsatisfactory). Please indicate your responses next to each learning objective and return it to us with your completed exam.
Customer Comments
“I liked the layout of the test questions & the titles in the book with explainations.” – J.J., RN, CA