Sedation-Related Emergencies    

Contents

1. Incidence of adverse drug reactions

2. Preparation for emergencies

- Basic life support

- Advanced cardiac life support

- Team approach to emergency management

- Outside medical assistance

3. Emergency equipment

- Primary emergency equipment

- Secondary emergency equipment

4. Basic emergency kit

- Injectable drugs

- Noninjectable drugs

5. Advanced emergency kit

- Injectable drugs

- Noninjectable drugs

6. Advanced cardiac life support

7. Antidotal drugs

8. Overdose

- Predisposing factors

- Clinical manifestations

- Barbiturate and nonbarbiturate sedative hypnotics

- Opioid agonists

- Sedative-hypnotic drugs

- Opioid analgesics

9. Allergy

- Prevention of allergy

- Clinical manifestations: onset; skin reaction; respiratory reaction; generalized anaphylaxis

- Management

10. Hypotension

11. Hypertension

12. Cardiac dysrhythmias

13. Hypoglycemia

14. Syncope

15. Convulsions

Learning Objectives

Upon completing the course, you will able to:

Anesthesia and Sedation in the Dental Office

1.   Define and differentiate between general anesthesia, deep sedation, and conscious sedation.  

2.   Discuss the indications and contraindications for the use of general anesthesia and sedation in children, adults and the geriatric population.

3.   Describe appropriate agents and techniques for general anesthesia and sedation.

 4.  Discuss the risks associated with the use of general anesthesia and sedation.

 5.  Discuss facilities, equipment, personnel and training for managing and monitoring patients under conscious sedation, deep sedation and general anesthesia.

Conscious Sedation: Clinical Update

6.   List advantages and limitations to oral sedation.  

7.   Name 3 drugs in the benzodiazepine class, and describe their properties, side effects and adult dosage.  

8.   List the advantages and disadvantages of IV sedation.

9.   Describe the IV sedation regimen using midazolam and fentanyl.

10. Explain various aspects of patient monitoring during conscious sedation.

11. Prepare a plan to deal with intraoperative medical emergencies.

General Anesthesia and Sedation Protocols

12. Identify sources of risks inherent in conscious sedation.

13. Describe standards for staffing, training, facilities, equipment, and patient discharge for conscious sedation.

14. List 5 criteria for discharge for all patients who have received anesthesia.

15.  List 7 essential pieces of information that should be included in patient instructions at discharge.

Emergencies in the Dental Office

16. List 6 essential steps to preparing for emergencies.

17. Describe signs and symptoms and management of emergencies involving cardiovascular, respiratory, central nervous, and metabolic systems.

Evaluation of Individual Objectives

To assess th e effectiveness of the course material, we ask that you evaluate your achievement of each learning objective on a scale of A to D (A=excellent, B=good, C=fair, D=unsatisfactory). Please indicate your responses next to each learning objective and return it to us with your completed exam.