Digital Radiography

Digital Radiography

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, you will be able to:

1. List the effects of finger/thumb-sucking habits.

    2.    Describe the etiology and management of buccal segment problems, such as retained
           primary tooth, intra-occluded primary molars, posterior crossbite with mandibular
           displacement, etc.

3. Describe the etiology and management of labial segment problems, such as upper
median diastema, dilaceration, retained primary incisor, etc.

4. Describe the etiology, detection and management of ectopic maxillary canines.

5. Provide some basic guidelines for treatment of crowding in Class I cases.

6. Define crossbite, classify it into buccal and lingual, describe its etiology and indicate the need for treatment.

7. Define anterior open bite, provide its etiology and suggest various treatments.

8. List 4 active components of removable appliances and their characteristics.

9. Provide indications for fixed appliances.

10. List various fixed appliance types and describe their applications.

11. List various special considerations in adult orthodontics and explain how these affect the course of treatment.

12. Identify various surgical procedures involving maxilla and mandible in the orthodontic management of adults.

13. Describe the pre- and postsurgical orthodontics in adults.

14. Describe common clinical features of the cleft lip and palate.

15. Describe the clinical features and possible effects of natal/neonatal teeth.

16. Describe the etiology, clinical features and management of nursing caries.

17. List the extrinsic and intrinsic factors involved in tooth discoloration.

18. Describe the etiology and management of enamel hypoplasia and fluorosis.

19. List the clinical features of three main types of enamel anomaly.

20. Distinguish between the clinical features of hyperdontia and hypodontia.

21. List the dietary and gastric regurgitation factors that lead to tooth surface loss.

22. Describe the management of primary tooth trauma.

23. Describe the management of permanent tooth trauma I and II, including reattachment of crown fragments, total or
sub-total pulpotomy, induced apical closure, periodontal ligament injuries and dentoalveolar fractures.

24. Classify permanent tooth trauma III into internal resorption, external resorption and replacement resorption.

25. Describe the clinical features of the following medical conditions: down syndrome, childhood cancer, congenital
cardiac disease and bleeding disorders.

26. Describe the diagnosis of the following viral infections: primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, secondary (recurrent)
herpes labialis, ocular herpes, herpes zoster and hand-foot-and-mouth disease.

27. Describe the etiology, diagnosis and management of gingivitis.

28. Provide classification of gingival overgrowth (localized gingival hyperplasia, drug-induced gingival overgrowth and
hereditary gingival fibromatosis) and describe their management.

29. Describe the etiology, diagnosis and management of mucosal disease: granulomas, traumatic lesions I and
traumatic lesions II.

30. Describe the etiology, diagnosis and management of assorted mucosal lesions: geographic tongue, lichen planus,
orofacial granulomatosis, pericoronitis, denture stomatits, infective papilloma, and periapical infection.

Digital Radiography–Not If But When

The Digital World

Image Quality

Quantifying Image Quality

Pixel Density

Cost

Radiation Reduction

Remaking Images

Image Transmission

Legal Issues

High-Speed Communication Services

Image Importing and Exporting

Configuration

Image Size

Archiving

Image Capture

Image Enhancement

Summary

Digital X-Rays Are Here; Why Aren't You Using Them?

Digital Technology

Direct vs. Indirect Digital Images

Table 1. Current CCD-Based Digital X-Rays Systems

Table 2. Advantages and Perceived Disadvantages of Digital Radiography

CMOS Technology

PSP Technology

Table 3. Comparison of Approximate Costs of Initial Imaging Systems

Table 4. Comparison of Approximate Costs of Initial Imaging Systems

Advantages

Perceived Disadvantages

Cost

Other Obstacles

Lack of Familiarity and Use

Ergonomic Concerns

Work Flow Needs

Lack of Training

Software Interfacing

Digital Panoramic Technology

Potential Drawbacks

Cost

Training

Computer Literacy

Future Developments in Digital Panoramic Imaging

Integrating Intraoral and Panoramic Imaging

Authors

References

Digital Radiography in Dentistry: What It Should Do For You

	Myth Number 1 - XYZ Is The Right System For Every Practice and All Digital Imaging Needs
	Myth Number 2 - ABC Sensor system (Direct Digital) or DEF Phosphor Plate System (Indirect Digital) Is the Only Answer for Your Practice
	Myth Number 3 - Dedicated/Special X-ray Equipment Is Required
	Myth Number 4 - Digital Radiography is More Expensive
	Myth Number 5 - Techno Blurb
	Conclusions

What You Need to Know Before You Buy

Choices, Choices

What are the advantages to digital radiography?

What are the perceived obstacles?

What equipment do I need to go digital?

Image Display and Analysis

Subtraction Radiography

Contrast Manipulation

Color

3-D Reconstruction and Display

Artificial Intelligence

Computer-Aided Diagnosis

Caries Diagnosis

Periodontal Disease

Periapical Pathology

Implantology

Orthodontics

Bone Disease

Hardware Development

Dynamic Range

Dose Response

Sensitivity

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

Resolution

Density Standards

Size Formats

Component Modularity and Standardization

Ergonomics

Administrative Applications

Teleradiology

Electronic Insurance Filing

Pattern Recognition

Security

Authors

Conclusions

References