| 1. | Discuss the development and use of tapered, rotary insturments for use in endodontics. | |
| 2. | Demonstrate step-by-step the use of .04 files in curved canals. | |
| 3. | Discuss various studies on the mesiobuccal roots (MBRs) of maxillary molars. | |
| 4. | Discuss various configuration studies on the mandibular bicuspids, mandibular first molar, mandibular second molar, maxillary bicuspids, and mandibular incisors. | |
| 5. | Describe the role of ethnicity in configuration studies. | |
| 6. | Discuss newer types of canal filling materials for endodontics of the future. | |
| 7. | Discuss the pros and cons of single-appointment treatment. | |
| Learning Objectives | ||
| 1 | Current Endodontic Treatment | |
| Introduction | ||
| Use of Tapered, Rotary Instruments - Initiation of Changes in File Design | ||
| Need for Early Enlargement of the Orifice Area | ||
| The "Zip" and the "Elbow" and Their Significance in Curved Canal Preparation | ||
| Introduction of Nickel-Titanium Instruments | ||
| Other Excellent Files for Use in Curved Canals | ||
| No-No's When Using NiTi Files | ||
| Step-By-Step Use of .04 Files in Curved Canals | ||
| Conclusion | ||
| 2 | Recent Studies of Canal Configuration | |
| Introduction | ||
| Terminology for Canal Configuration Studies | ||
| Early Studies on the MBR of Maxillary Molars | ||
| Further Studies of the MBR | ||
| Retreatment of Failing MBRs | ||
| Names of the Canals in Maxillary Molars | ||
| Studies of the Maxillary Second Molar | ||
| Studies of the Mandibular Bicuspids | ||
| Studies of the Mandibular First Molar | ||
| Studies of the Mandibular Second Molar -A Tooth With Multiple Variations | ||
| Studies of the Maxillary Bicuspids | ||
| Studies of the Mandibular Incisors | ||
| Studies of Teeth With Five or More Canals | ||
| Role of Ethnicity in Configuration Studies | ||
| Effect of Preparation Methods on Configuration Studies | ||
| Future for Canal Configuration Studies | ||
| 3 | Endodontics of the Future | |
| Newer Types of Canal Filling Materials | ||
| Use of Single-Appointment Treatment | ||
| Conclusions | ||
| References | ||
| Legends | ||
| Post Test | ||
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